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EEG-reading cap provides point-to-point movement control

Allen L. Barker alb at datafilter.com
Wed Dec 8 06:50:43 EST 2004



Published online before print December 7, 2004
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 10.1073/pnas.0403504101
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/0403504101v1?view=abstract
Neuroscience
Control of a two-dimensional movement signal by a noninvasive
brain-computer interface in humans

( brain-machine interface | electroencephalography )
Jonathan R. Wolpaw * and Dennis J. McFarland

Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders, Wadsworth Center, New York State
Department of Health and State University of New York, Albany, NY 12201-0509

Edited by Emilio Bizzi, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, MA, and approved November 2, 2004 (received for review May
17, 2004)

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can provide communication and control
to people who are totally paralyzed. BCIs can use noninvasive or
invasive methods for recording the brain signals that convey the user's
commands. Whereas noninvasive BCIs are already in use for simple
applications, it has been widely assumed that only invasive BCIs, which
use electrodes implanted in the brain, can provide multidimensional
movement control of a robotic arm or a neuroprosthesis. We now show that
a noninvasive BCI that uses scalp-recorded electroencephalographic
activity and an adaptive algorithm can provide humans, including people
with spinal cord injuries, with multidimensional point-to-point movement
control that falls within the range of that reported with invasive
methods in monkeys. In movement time, precision, and accuracy, the
results are comparable to those with invasive BCIs. The adaptive
algorithm used in this noninvasive BCI identifies and focuses on the
electroencephalographic features that the person is best able to control
and encourages further improvement in that control. The results suggest
that people with severe motor disabilities could use brain signals to
operate a robotic arm or a neuroprosthesis without needing to have
electrodes implanted in their brains.

Author contributions: J.R.W. and D.J.M. designed research, performed
research, analyzed data, and wrote the paper.

Freely available online through the PNAS open access option.

*To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Jonathan R. Wolpaw, E-mail: wolpaw at wadsworth.org

www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0403504101

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Hat Allows Computer Control By Thought
http://dsc.discovery.com/news/briefs/20041206/brain.html
By Jennifer Viegas, Discovery News
Dec. 7, 2004

[...]

William Heetderks, director of the neural prosthesis program at the
National Institutes of Health in Washington, DC, told Discovery News
that "the results reported in the PNAS paper are very encouraging."

Heetderks believes that once such devices are made available, "they will
profoundly improve lives of some individuals whose thoughts and desires
are otherwise locked within their bodies."

[...]

--------------------------------------------------------------------

RF powering of millimeter- and submillimeter-sized neural prosthetic
implants
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/abs_free.jsp?arNumber=1388
Heetderks, W.J.
Nat. Inst. of Health, Bethesda, MD;
This paper appears in: Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on

Publication Date: May 1988
On page(s): 323-327
Volume: 35,   Issue: 5
ISSN: 0018-9294
References Cited: 8
CODEN: IEBEAX

Abstract:
The size of the transducers for neural stimulation has shrunk steadily
with application of thin-film techniques to electrode design. The
feasibility is examined of designing millimeter- and submillimeter-sized
power sources based on RF coupling that could be integrated into these
implants to provide power without a tethering power cable. The coupling
between a transmitter coil and receiver coil when the coil diameters are
markedly different is analyzed, and for these circumstances, a simple
Thevenin equivalent model is developed to describe the power
transmission between the transmitter and receiver. The equivalent
circuit developed gives insight into the way that coil diameters,
frequency, and turns affect coupling between large and small coils.
Several examples demonstrate that milliwatt range power sources can be
implemented with millimeter- and submillimeter-diameter receivers



-- 
Mind Control: TT&P ==> http://www.datafilter.com/mc
Home page: http://www.datafilter.com/alb
Allen Barker



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