Not being at the Wiener Staatsoper or elsewhere this evening - I thought
I would get round to posting the following:
Dear All,
As part of the GLYCOSCI newsgroup's original charter, it was hoped
to create a series of factsheets and other Internet accessible
resources - indeed a number of people have set up 'glycoscience'
related WWW pages and presumably that number will grow. I have
already posted a draft list of cloned glycosyltransferases - that is
now on the WWW (see separate annoucement). The list below is of
glycosidase specificities.
This list is probably highly incomplete, not definitive, not fully
referenced, and possibly controversial. I post it here so that when
it finally appears on the WWW it will be, hopefully, as accurate as
possible. The information is based on papers I have come across
myself and also from laboratory knowledge I have gained, particularly
when at the Oxford Glycobiology Institute. There is also a useful article
in "Glycobiology: A Practical Approach" by Kobata and Takasaki (IRL
Press, ISBN 0-19-963372-X). I have only included information of relevance to
N- and O- linked oligosaccharides. Others may wish to contribute information
on GPI or proteoglycan structures.
I am sure there are a large number of people out there with
experience of glycosidases who can add information to this list -
please send any corrections, comments, etc to me at wilson at edv1.boku.ac.at
I do not intend to prepare any more "factsheets" of this type - but
hope anyone out there with the time and inclination will think of
more suitable subjects for such treatment. Such factsheet preparation
can be done in consultation with the discussion leaders. I can think
of lectins in particular being an important area. I am sure there are
many areas where pooling of knowledge will help newcomers and well
established researchers in the field alike.
Iain
******************************************************
ENDOGLUCOSAMINIDASES
(Cleave between the two GlcNA residues of the chitobiose core of
N-linked oligosaccharides: General reference: Maley et al.
(1989) Anal. Biochem. 180:195-204)
Enzyme: Endoglucosaminidase CII
Specificity: Similar to Endo H (see below) but apparently
requires an alpha 1,3 linked mannose
to be attached to the beta-linked mannose
(Tai et al (1977) BBRC 78:434-441)
Enzyme: Endoglucosaminidase D
Specificity: Can cleave Man5GlcNAc2Asn and branched
Man3GlcNAc2Asn, but reduced activity
with Man6GlcNAc2Asn and Man5GlcNAc2-ol
Enzyme: Endoglucosaminidase F
Specificity: Will cleave (at varying rates) a wide range of
structures, including the branched trimannosyl
core (unlike Endo H) and biantennary complex
oligosaccharides (again unlike Endo H)
Enzyme: Endoglucosaminidase H (Endo H)
Specificity: Trimannosylchitobiose (minimum) (providing
that there is at least one mannose
linked to the alpha 1,6 linked mannose;
the alpha 1,3 linked mannose is not required;
can cleave alpha 1,6 core fucosylated hybrid
structures but not complex N-linked
oligosaccharides)
Enzyme: Endoglucosaminidase L
Specificity: Beta-mannosylchitobiose (trisaccharide)
ENDOGALACTOSIDASES
Enzyme: Escherichia freundii
Specificity: A variety of poly-N-acetyllactosamine structures
Enzyme: Bacteroides fragilis
Specificity: Linear poly-N-acetyllactosamine structures
FUCOSIDASES
Enzyme: Almond alpha-fucosidase I
Specificity: Fuc alpha 1-3/4 (to GlcNAc)
Enzyme: Almond alpha-fucosidase III
Specificity: Fuc alpha 1-3/4 (to GlcNAc)
(Scudder et al (1990) JBC 265:16472-16477
Enzyme: Bacillus fulminans alpha fucosidase
Specificity: Fuc alpha 1-2
Enzyme: Bovine epididymis alpha fucosidase
Specificity: Fuc alpha 1-3/6
(will not cleave Fuc alpha 1-3 if a 4
branch on the same sugar)
Enzyme: Charonia lampas alpha fucosidase
Specificity: In order: Fuc alpha 1-2 (to Lac)>>>
Fuc alpha 1-6 (to GlcNAc) >
Fuc alpha 1-2 (to LacNAc) >
Fuc alpha 1-4 (to GlcNAc) >>>
Fuc alpha 1-3 (to GlcNAc)
(Butters et al (1991) BJ 279:189-195
GALACTOSIDASES
Enzyme: Aspergillus oryzae beta galactosidase
Specificity: Gal beta 1-4
Enzyme: Aspergillus niger beta galactosidase
Specificity: Gal beta 1-4 GlcNAc>
Gal beta 1-6 GlcNAc >
Gal beta 1-3 GlcNAc
Enzyme: Bovine testes beta galactosidase
Specificity: Gal beta 1-3/4 >> beta 1-6
Enzyme: Coffee bean alpha galactosidase
Specificity: Gal alpha 1-*
Enzyme: E. coli beta galactosidase
Specificity: Gal beta 1-4
Enzyme: Jack bean (Canavalia) beta galactosidase
Specificity: Gal beta 1-6 GlcNAc>
Gal beta 1-4 GlcNAc>
Gal beta 1-3 GlcNAc
Enzyme: Streptococcus pneumoniae beta galactosidase
Specificity: Gal beta 1-4 GlcNAc
Enzyme: Streptococcus 6646K beta galactosidase
Specificity: Gal beta 1-4 GlcNAc > Gal beta 1-3 GlcNAc
(can remove galactose from
the Fc region of intact IgG - ref. e. g.
Rademacher et al (1994) PNAS 91:6123-6127)
GLUCOSIDASES
Enzyme: Pig liver microsomal glucosidase II
Specificity: Glc alpha 1-3
(Olafson et al (1990) JBC 265:12240-12247)
HEXOSAMINIDASES
Enzyme: Jack bean (Canavalia) beta hexosaminidase
Specificity GalNAc/GlcNAc beta 1-*
Enzyme: Streptococcus pneumoniae beta hexosaminidase
Specificity: GlcNAc beta 1-2 Man >>
GlcNAc beta 1-3 Gal >
GlcNAc beta 1-6 Gal
(Yamashita et al (1981) BBRC 100:226-232)
(steric hindrance if a GlcNAc is beta 1-6 linked to
the same mannose as a beta 1-2 and of the GlcNAc on
the Man 1-6 arm if a bisecting GlcNAc is present;
altered specificity noted at higher enzyme
concentrations: refer to Yamashita et al (1983) JBC 258:3099)
LACTO-N-BIOSIDASES
Enzyme: Streptomyces 142 lacto-N-biosidase
Specificity: Polylactosamine type I
(producing Gal beta 1-3 GlcNAc)
(Sano et al (1992) PNAS 89:8512-8516)
MANNOSIDASES
Enzyme: Aspergillus saitoi alpha mannosidase I
Specificity: Man alpha 1-2 Man
(Ichishima et al (1981) BBA 658:45-53)
Enzyme: Helix pomatia beta mannosidase
Specificity: Man beta 1-4 GlcNAc
Enzyme: Jack bean (Canavalia) alpha mannosidase
Specificity: Man alpha 1-* Man
Concentration and steric effects can result
in non-removal of apparently free Man
residues (e.g. hybrid N-glycans)
(Li (1967) JBC 242:5474-5480)
NEURAMINIDASES (also known as sialidases)
Enzyme: Arthrobacter ureafaciens neuraminidase
Specificity: Neu5Ac2,6Gal>
Neu5Ac2,3Gal>
Neu5Ac2,8Neu5Ac
Enzyme: Clostridium perfingens neuraminidase
Specificity: Neu5Ac2,3Gal>
Neu5Ac2,6Gal=
Neu5Ac2,8Neu5Ac
Enzyme: Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase
Specificity: Neu5Ac2,3Gal>
Neu5Ac2,6Gal>
Neu5Ac2,8Neu5Ac
Enzyme: Newcastle disease virus
Specificity: Neu5Ac2,3Gal>
Neu5Ac2,8Neu5Ac
PEPTIDE-N-GLYCOSIDASES
(Comparison of PNGase A and F is presented in Altmann et al. (1995)
Glycoconj. J. 12:84-93)
Enzyme: PNGaseA (from almond)
Specificity: Will cleave plant/insect alpha 1-3 core fucosylated
oligosaccharides
Enzyme: PNGaseF (from Flavobacterium)
Specificity: Will not cleave alpha 1-3 core fucosylated oligosaccharides
XYLOSIDASES
Apparently no pure beta 1,2 xylosidases of use for the sequencing of
plant glycoproteins have been described - but a xylosidase,
considered to be a co-activity of a beta-glucosidase isoenzyme, has
been referred to in the literature - Kiss et al. (1981) BBRC
98:792-799 (referred to in Kubelka et al. (1993) EJB 213:1193-1204,
but not checked on by myself).
---------------------------------------------------------------
Iain Wilson Institut für Chemie
Tel: 43-1-47654-6065 Universität für Bodenkultur
Fax: 43-1-310-5176 Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33
E-mail: wilson at edv1.boku.ac.at A-1180, WIEN, Austria
